Ókor

Interregional Interaction and Socio-Cultural Change in the Third Millennium BC Carpathian Basin and Neighbouring Regions

Main Series 30

Editors: Volker Heyd, Gabriella Kulcsár and Vajk Szeverényi

Archaeolingua, 2013

Language: English

The meetings of the most significant archaeological association of Europe, the European Association of Archaeologists (EAA), provide each year an outstanding opportunity for dialogues between scholars of various countries and backgrounds. At the 16th meeting, held in September 2010 in The Hague, The Netherlands, Volker Heyd, Gabriella Kulcsár and Vajk Szeverényi organized a full-day conference session focusing on interregional contacts and social, economic and cultural change in the third millennium BC in and around the Carpathian Basin. This book was prepared based on the papers given at this session.

Szerző: Annamária R. Facsády

Archaeolingua, 2013

Ovidius gyakran idézett szavai szerint a szépség ugyan múlandó adomány, a küzdelem késleltetése érdekében több évezredre nyúlik vissza. A rómaiak korában is társadalmi elvárás volt az ápolt és divatos külső - bár a túlzásba vitt „piperézést" elítélték. Hol lehet a határvonalat meghúzni, mikor csap át az „elvárt" ápoltság, elegáns megjelenés nevetségességbe? Milyen mértékben változott a divat? Milyen recepteket állítottak a szépségápolás szolgálatába? Ha a szépség múlandó - honnan van minderről tudomásunk? A kötet célja, hogy a római császárkor - a Kr. u. 1- 4. század - higiéniás és öltözködési szokásairól, a korabeli szépségápolásról, frizuradivatról adjon átfogó képet, az írott források, képi ábrázolások és a tárgyi emlékanyag alapján.

A Római Birodalom egységes kultúrájának bemutatása mellett erős hangsúlyt kapnak az öltözködésben, ékszerviseletben, régészeti leletanyagban megfogható helyi sajátosságok, Pannonia provincia egyedisége is.

and the relics of the legionary fortress. Guide

Editor: Margit Németh

Archaeolingua, 2013

Language: English

In the centre of modern Óbuda the Romans constructed a cavalry fort in AD 73, and later in AD 89 they started to build a legionary fortress that existed until the 4became the capital of Lower Pannonia in AD 106. From AD 296 on it was the seat of the military headquarters of Province Valeria organised during the reign of Emperor Diocletian. At that time, Pannonia was strategically one of the most important provinces of the Roman Empire.

The great baths – thermae maiores – of the Aquincum legion are the earliest conserved monuments of Hungary. Their remains were discovered by a house owner from Óbuda in 1778. The ruins were made accessible to visitors by order of Queen Maria Theresia. During the reconstruction of the Árpád Bridge the area of the Baths Museum was enlarged and nearly the entire plan of the monumental baths was revealed. In addition to the Baths Museum, our guide introduces the visitor to the history of the legionary fortress and its other visible remains in Óbuda.

Weaving Culture in Bronze Age and Iron Age Salt Mines

Gewebte Kultur aus dem bronze- und eisenzeitlichen Salzbergwerk

Main Series 29

Editors: Karina Grömer, Anton Kern, Hans Reschreiter and Helga Rösel-Mautendorfer

Archaeolingua, 2013

The salt mine of Hallstatt is home to more than 700 individual textile fragments, whichmakes it the largest corpus of prehistoric textile finds in Europe (next to the textiles from the Dürrnberg salt mine nearby). This forms a unique treasure for prehistoric research due to its unusual conditions of preservation.

The wide range of still colourful preserved textiles covers the time-span between 1500-400 BC. The textiles shed light on the various developments of textile technology and the combination with the extraordinary context opens a window into the highly complex working processes and resource management of that era.

In recent years, international research projects have been able to provide valuable insights into the beginnings of textile-dyeing and the evolution of fundamental textile techniques, using up-to-date scientific research methods in addition to textile analysis. This monograph is the first to display as a whole all the known textile artefacts from the salt mine of Hallstatt.

Report on the Survey 1998–2004

Szerkesztette: Ulrich Luft

Archaeolingua, 2010

It is the first time that one particular site in the Eastern Desert has been published to the full extent. This approach, that requires high skills and an affinity for details, has been opted for with the purpose to avoid that possible correlations went unrecognized, as it might happen in publications divided into a range of separate studies, each focusing on one specific subject exclusively. By applying the method of full archaeological reports, this present volume was aimed at contributing to a better understanding of the complex archaeology of the Egyptian Eastern Desert. The joint expedition of the Eötvös Loránd University of Budapest and the Budapest University of Technology and Economics was a fieldwork project of interdisciplinary character, thus the multiplicity of approaches necessitated the restating of the expedition’s main objectives and prevented the authors from putting forward unfounded and highbrow ideas.

Finds from the New Kingdom to the Twenty-sixth Dynasty

Szerző: Gábor Schreiber

Archaeolingua, 2008

Theban Tomb 32, excavated between 1983 and 2006 by the mission of the Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest was constructed for Djehutymes, a high-ranking official in the reign of Ramesses II. Consisting of three large forecourts, a mud-brick pyramid and fifteen rooms in the tomb interior, TT 32 gives a sophisticated and in some ways unique example of Ramesside tomb architecture. The excavations in and around TT 32 yielded a large amount of archaeological material ranging in time from the early Eighteenth Dynasty to the Ottoman Period. This book, published as the second volume of Studia Aegyptiaca Series Maior, offers a detailed analysis of the finds dating from the earliest occupation of the site to the Twenty-sixth Dynasty, including the objects from the Eighteenth Dynasty shaft tombs and two hypogeum tombs of the late Third Intermediate Period discovered at the base of el-Khokha hillock.

Vol 1–2.

Szerző: László Kákosy, Tamás A. Bács, Zoltán Bartos, Zoltán I. Fábián, Ernő Gaál

Archaeolingua, 2004

This is the first volume of the new Studia Aegyptiaca series, published in cooperation with the Department of Egyptology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest. The series aims to publish the results of the activities of the Hungarian Archaeological Mission in the Thebes necropolis.

The research and fieldwork in and around the monument of Djehutymes, the Theban tomb of a high-ranking official during Ramesses II’s reign, started under the leadership of Prof. László Kákosy in 1983. Since then, a number of Hungarian egyptologists and other specialists joined the research of Djehutymes’s monument, and the excavation revealed not only the rock-cut halls, chambers and passages, but the open forecourts, pylons and even the remains of the pyramid-like mud superstructure with those of a decorated shrine. The present volume gives the detailed account of this more than two-decade-long extraordinary excavation work, from epigraphic, architectural and archaeological perspectives.

Ein Überblick

Second, enlarged edition

Szerző: Wolfgang Meid

Archaeolingua, 2005

This splendidly illustrated volume, written by an eminent Celticist, first gives a summary account of the prehistory and early history of the Celts, then traces the linguistic origins of the Celtic languages and points out some of their most specific linguistic features. Its main interest, however, lies in the portrayal of Celtic culture as reflected in the testimonies of ancient writers, but especially in the genuine oral and literary traditions of medieval Ireland and Wales.

Vorrömisches Namengut in den Tiroler Alpen

Szerző: Peter Anreiter

Archaeolingua, 1997

The Breoni, Genauni and Focunates were tribes which inhabited parts of the Central Alpine area in pre-Roman and Roman times. A not inconsiderable number of placenames dating back linguistically to the pre-Roman period may be connected with them, and testify to the existence of several distinct Indo-European dialects in that area (present-day Tyrol and adjacent regions). The author discusses the etymology of these names, illustrating their original meaning with colour photographs of the respective localities, and also pointing out some of the linguistic characteristics of the dialects in question.

Szerző: Francisco Marco Simon

Archaeolingua, 1998

This book is the first comprehensive German language study of autochtonous Celtic religion in the Iberian Peninsula. It is based on the integrated analysis of historical, linguistic and archaeological evidence. This multidisciplinary approach is accompanied by an in-depth evaluation of the relevant literature. The richly illustrated volume is accompanied by an up-to-date, detailed bibliography on the topic.

Szerző: Peter Anreiter

Archaeolingua, 2001

Die vorliegende Untersuchung behandelt das geographische Namengut der römischen Provinz Pannonien innerhalb der seit Kaiser Trajan festgelegten Grenzen. Aufgrund des onomastischen Befundes lassen sich in Pannonien mehrere Sprachschichten erkennen, von denen mindestens drei bestimmbar sind: eine sich in Gewässernamen spiegelnde„alteuropäische“, eine relativ mächtige eigentlich pannonische und eine dünnere keltische Schicht (wobei zu bemerken wäre, daß der keltische Anteil in Personennamen größer ist). Die Behandlung folgt einem dreiteiligen Schema: auf eine Beschreibung des Namenträgers folgt die Beleglage mit z.T. ausführlicher Hintergrundinformation, anschließend, soweit möglich, die etymologische Deutung des Namens. Eine nach mehreren Kriterien durchgeführte Gesamtanalyse des Befundes bildet den Schlußteil der Arbeit.

Studien zur gallischen Epigraphik und Onomastik

Szerző: Karin Stüber

Archaeolingua, 2005

This publication consists of two parts. The first one deals with the votive inscription discovered near Bern (Switzerland) dedicated to a divine Smith, Gobannos, known now also from Gaul. The second part gives an inventory of Gaulish women’s names, which are analysed according to their formation, etymology and semantics.

Szerző: Wolfgang Meid

Archaeolingua, 2005

In Pre-Roman Pannonia a native population with southern connections was superseded in the North by immigrant Celts. The present monograph collects the Celtic personal names attested in Roman inscriptions, views them in their historical and sociological context, subjects them to formal and semantic analysis and draws inferences as to the survival of Celtic (=Gaulish) speech into Roman times.

Szerző: Patrice Lajoye

Archaeolingua, 2008

"La religion gauloise est fort mal connue, et sa mythologie ne subsiste qu'à l'état de fragments épars. Le but de ce recueil d'essais n'est donc pas de révéler cette mythologie, mais d'en éclairer certains aspect, en comparant ce qui subsiste avec d'autres mythologies mieux connues, en essayant quelques hypothèses nouvelles, et surtout en rassemblant des informations sur des divinités qui parfois, n'avaient été que peu étudiées. Ces quelques fragments montrent toutefois l'ampleur de ce que nous avons perdu: la mythologie gauloise était, très vraisemblablement, tout aussi riche et variée que ses homologues mieux connues, grecque ou indienne".

Geschichte und heutiger Stand der Forschung

Szerző: Stefan Schumacher

Archaeolingua, 2004

This volume deals with the pre-Roman inscriptions written in the Sanzeno alphabet originating mostly from former Tyrol, commonly called “Raetic” (a term problematic in many respects). The author first gives an outline of the research history, then a detailed description of the inscribed objects in their archaeological context, and an exact transliteration of the inscriptions themselves. This important study which for the first time unites all extant inscriptions is a first step towards a very much needed Corpus Inscriptionum Raeticarum.

Vol. I. A–B

Szerkesztette: Barnabás Lőrincz, Ferenc Redő

Archaeolingua, 1994

This is the first volume, including the letters A and B, of a four-volume edition of the names of persons represented on inscriptions from the European provinces of the Roman Empire. The present work is based on A. Mócsy’s Nomenclator provinciarum Europae Latinarum et Galliae Cisalpinae which it complements with a statistical and distributional analysis. Under each main lemma the individual forms, with references of their attestations, the origo of the name bearer (if known) and relevant literature are supplied. The frequency of well-attested names is illustrated by distributional maps. This Onomasticon will be an indispensable tool for historical, linguistic and onomastic research. The other volumes are
available from Phoibos Verlag, Vienna.

Prehistoric Roman Barbarian and Late Avar Settlement at Gyoma 133 (Békés County Microregion)

Szerkesztette: Sándor Bökönyi

Archaeolingua, 1996

This volume publishes the results of a rescue excavation taking place within the microregional investigation outlined above (see Volume I). This excavation yielded a great number of finds from the Bronze age through the Sarmatian to the Avar period, including a great number of (statistically evaluated) animal bones from all the periods.

Akten des Internationalen Symposiums Sopron, 10.–14. Mai 1994

Szerkesztette: Erzsébet Jerem, Andreas Lippert

Archaeolingua, 1996

This volume contains nearly 40 contributions delivered at the East Hallstatt conference held at Sopron in 1994. The leading themes of the conference included the transition from the late Bronze age Urnfield culture through Hallstatt to the early La Tène period, the character of the inner-Alpine Hallstatt culture, the question of boundaries or transitions beween the western and eastern Hallstatt groups, and the presentation of more exact chronologies. This volume reflects the rapidly changing research situation and the notable advances made in this field.

Proceedings of the International Archaeological Conference, Százhalombatta, 3–7 October, 1996

Szerkesztette: Erzsébet Jerem, Ildikó Poroszlai

Archaeolingua, 1999

Presentations on the Archaeological Parks supply the reader with first-hand experiences on reconstructions and displays. This collection of papers is exciting reading for both the professional and the amateur archaeologist interested in the theoretical and practical aspects of archaeology.

Frühe Etappen der Menschheitsgeschichte in Mittel- und Südosteuropa Festschrift für Nándor Kalicz zum 75. Geburtstag

Szerkesztette: Erzsébet Jerem, Pál Raczky

Archaeolingua, 2003

This volume centers around the Neolithic, the Copper Age, the Bronze Age and the Iron Age, with a special emphasis on the Central and Southern European region. It is an indispensable study for anyone interested in the present-day archaeological issues of Central and Southern Europe.

Szerző: Raimund Karl

Archaeolingua, 2006

Based on social complexity theory a model of locally constituted Iron Age central and western European societies is developed. Such societies evolve individually different, yet statistically similar. Using archaeological, historical and linguistic sources it is demonstrated how the individual experiences with the social environment and the constraints and necessities set by the natural environment shape similar social structures. Particularly in societies speaking closely related (Celtic) languages, similar social and political patterns emerge.

Szerkesztette: François Delpech, Marco V. García Quintela

Archaeolingua, 2009

Mythologie comparée indo-européenne et idéologie trifonctionelle: bilans, perspectives et nouveaux domaines – Mitología comparada indoeuropea e ideología trifuncional: balance, perspectivas y nuevos campos

Szerző: Wolfgang Meid

Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Kulturwissenschaft, 2010

"The Celts" – who were they? Did they really exist, or are they, as some archaeologists seem to believe, a mere scientific construct, a fictitious entity? The basis of this misapprehension is the fact that it is not possible to diagnose Celticity by archaeological means alone. "Celtic" is, in the first instance, a linguistic concept, and disregarding this linguistic foundation must lead to an impasse. It is the proven relationship of the so-called "Celtic" languages and their derivation from a common ancestor which justifies this scientific concept.
"Celts", on the other hand, is an ethnic term attested for population groups in western Continental Europe, but which has been extended to include also population groups in the British Isles for which this name is not attested. The basis of this terminological extension has been the discovery of the genetic relationship of the languages spoken by all these groups, which consequently have been termed "Celtic" languages, going back to a common prehistoric ancestor language termed "Proto-Celtic", a distinct branch of the Indo‑European language family. Since a language presupposes speakers, these could be called "Celts". From a linguistic point of view these "Celts" were real people; today their descendants would be rather called by other names, like Irish or Welsh.

Akten des Internationalen Symposiums St. Pölten, 14.–18. Oktober 1992.

Második kiadás

Szerkesztette: Erzsébet Jerem, Alexandra Krenn-Leeb, Johannes-Wolfgang Neugebauer, Otto H. Urban

Archaeolingua, 2004

Als erster Band einer neuen Schriftenreihe, in welcher die Ergebnisse laufender Forschungen zur Eisenzeit (Hallstatt-Latène-Periode) im Ostalpenraum veröffentlicht werden sollen, erscheinen hier die gesammelten Vorträge, die anläßlich eines von der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Ur- und Frühgeschichte 1992 in St. Pölten (Niederösterreich) veranstalteten Symposiums gehalten wurden.

Foundations and Methods of Chariotry Research from the Viewpoint of Comparative Indo-European Linguistics

Szerző: Peter Raulwing

Archaeolingua, 2000

Horses, Chariots and Indo-Europeans have attracted several generations of scholars of various academic disciplines. Analyzing descriptions of horses, chariots, warfare and chariot-racing in the Rigveda, the classical, Celtic and other Indo-European sources documented from the second millennium BC onwards, scholars have even assumed a close relationship between Proto-Indo-Europeans, the horse and the chariot. According to this view the Hittites, Indo-Aryans and Greeks used their chariots for invading the Near East, Greece and other parts of the ancient world; some scholars are convinced that the chariot was the most important weapon of the Indo-European invaders. The present study attempts to examine the current state of Indo-European Linguistics regarding the problem of the origin, definition, the technological development and the function of the chariot.

Der Einfall von Steppennomaden aus Südrußland und die Indogermanisierung Mitteleuropas

Második kiadás

Szerző: Marija Gimbutas

Archaeolingua, 2000

A summary in German of the author’s well-known views concerning the Indo- Europeanization of Europe by three waves of “kurgan” pastoralists from the eastern steppes. This impact resulted in a decline of the autochthonous cultures and languages of ancient Europe. The successive stages of this process are described in this book. The social structure and economy of the Indo-Europeans are also illustrated by the relevant reconstructible vocabulary, and the belief system of the Indo-Europeans is contrasted with
that of the previous culture. The explicative power of Gimbutas’ theory is based on an integration of arguments derived from archaeology, comparative linguistics and mythology.
This is the author’s last publication; she died in 1994.

Kontakte während der Eisenzeit in Europa

Szerkesztette: Erzsébet Jerem, Martin Schönfelder, Günther Wieland

Archaeolingua, 2010

Two major international conferences were organised in 2002, in Hamburg (Germany) and Sopron (Hungary), which focused on the cultural relations of Late Iron Age Europe, after the Celtic occupation. The volume contains 21 exciting and original articles exploring the various themes of the conferences in detail. As the title suggests, the articles take a close look at the diverse and far-reaching relations whose traces are reflected by the spread of individual objects, and which developed along the road system that had already been existent prior to the Roman Age.

Die Altgrabungen von 1883 bis 1892

Szerző: Gerhard Tomedi

Archaeolingua, 2002

Das Gräberfeld von Frög in Kärnten stellt eine der größten und reichsten Nekropolen innerhalb der ostalpin-pannonischen hallstattzeitlichen Hügelgräberkultur dar. Dennoch blieb dieser Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts ausgegrabene Gräberkomplex mit seinen zahlreichen und wichtigen, auf mehrere Museen verteilten Funden seltsamerweise bisher unpubliziert. Der Verfasser hat es unternommen, die seinerzeitigen Ausgrabungen aufgrund der erhaltenen Protokolle zu rekonstruieren, das Fundgut zu dokumentieren und zusammenfassend auszuwerten. Das sich so ergebende umfangreiche Datenmaterial erlaubte eine weitreichende Analyse der Sozialstruktur dieser eisenzeitlichen Bevölkerung und ihrer auswärtigen Beziehungen.

Szerző: Anthony Harding

Archaeolingua, 2007

The Bronze Age of Europe was a time of major changes in society, economy and technology. One of these was the emergence of a warrior class, equipped with a new set of artefacts that can for the first time be called weapons. This book discusses the evidence for the existence of these warriors, and the stages by which they emerged from the Neolithic and Copper Ages, when farming was the main means of subsistence but hunting was also a prestige activity.  From beginnings when dagger graves were the norm, in the Early Bronze Age, to the appearance of lavishly equipped sword graves, complete with armour and items for personal adornment, in the Late Bronze Age, the book charts the rise of warrior elites in Europe over the period ca 2500 to 700 BC, drawing on the specific evidence of weapon distributions and deposition contexts.  It considers the rise of fortified hilltop sites, and the evidence for territorial organisation based on them.  The emergence of warrior bands, with a fighting mode based on inter-group raiding, is seen as a major component of aggression in the later stages of the Bronze Age.  This is coupled with a consideration of what such aggression should be called (whether warfare or something else), and how to identify it from the evidence of prehistoric archaeology.

Komitat Komárom-Esztergom

Szerkesztette: Vera Lányi, Ferenc Redő

Archaeolingua, 1999

Am Ende der 60er Jahre wurde in der deutschen Forschung mit der Sammlung und Veröffentlichung des sich auf die Münzprägungen des Römischen Reiches beziehenden Fundmaterials begonnen. Das Unternehmen weitete sich in der Folge auf die umliegenden europäischen Länder aus, und auch die ungarische Forschung schloß sich ihm an. Die bisher erschienenen zwei Bände der Bearbeitung der römischen Fundmünzen in Ungarn enthalten das Fundmaterial der Komitate Fejér und Győr-Moson-Sopron. Band III von FMRU enthält das Material des Komitats Komárom-Esztergom nach dem gleichen Prinzip der Anordnung, welches den beiden ersten Bänden zugrunde lag. In den Bereich des Komitats fallen die bedeutende pannonische Stadt Brigetio (Ószőny) sowie ein wichtiger Abschnitt des römischen Limes mit mehreren Militärlagern (Azaum/Almásfüzítő, Crumerum/Nyergesújfalu, Gardellaca/Tokod, Solva/Esztergom), Wachttürmen und kleineren Ansiedlungen. Zusammen mit dem Material des ersten Bandes ist damit der ganze nördliche Abschnitt des Limes – von der Grenze Noricums bis zum Donauknie – aufgearbeitet. Von besonderem Wert sind in diesem Band die in der Einführung zu den einzelnen Fundorten enthaltenen reichen topographischen Anmerkungen, welche die Fundmünzen in den jeweiligen archäologischen Kontext einbetten.

An Examination of the Creations of Mint Masters and Metal Smiths, and an Analysis of Stylistic Development During the Phase between La Tène and Provincial Roman

Szerző: Garrett Olmsted

Archaeolingua, 2001

It should become apparent in reading this work that the use of silver as a medium for artwork among metalworkers in the barbaricum regions of Europe during the La Tène period was not confined to eastern Europe, where its importance has been widely recognized. Silver was an important medium for La Tène artwork in western Europe as well. During the Middle La Tène period Celtiberian artisans excelled in the production of decorated silver items. During the Late La Tène period decorated silver items were made in Gaul as well. Thus, a tangible outcome of this research is the establishment of the Gaulish origins of the Gundestrup cauldron, the Sark-type phalerae, the Hildesheim and Neerharen vases, and the cups from Lyon, Thorey, and Alesia. All of these items were made of silver, and all date
to the first century BC. Also Gaulish and of the same first-century-BC metalworking schools were the Marlborough vat, the Aylesford bucket, the Rynkeby cauldron, all of which either were made of or were decorated with bronze.

Akten des Internationalen interdisziplinären Kolloquiums Freie Universität Berlin, 1.-3. Juli 1992

Bernfried Schlerath zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet

Szerkesztette: Bernhard Hänsel, Stefan Zimmer

Archaeolingua, 1994

The distribution of the Indo-European languages over large parts of Europe and Asia is commonly associated with widespread migrations of Proto-Indo-Europeans or their descendants from presumed Pontic or steppe origins in which the domesticated horse is believed to have been instrumental. The 17 contributions to the multidisciplinary colloquium held at Berlin in 1992 survey the archaeological evidence for the possible dates and places of horse domestication and the historical, philological and linguistic evidence for the utilization of the horse in the areas of individual Indo-European languages, in the Near East and in Egypt, and, by means of comparative linguistic reconstruction, in the ancestral Indo-European culture itself.

Festschrift für Wolfgang Meid zum 70. Geburtstag

Szerkesztette: Peter Anreiter, Erzsébet Jerem

Archaeolingua, 1999

Der imposante Band enthält insgesamt 59 Beiträge, den vielfältigen Interessen des Geehrten entsprechend mit einem breiten Spektrum von Themen hauptsächlich aus dem Bereich der indogermanischen Sprach- und Kulturwissenschaft sowie der Keltologie, welcher in besonderem Maße sein Forschungsinteresse galt.

Szerző: Szabó Miklós

L’Harmattan Kiadó, 2005

Minthogy idestova 30 éve nem jelent meg hasonló összefoglalás a Kárpát-medence késő vaskoráról, a keleti kelták történetét, kultúráját és művészetét bemutató, gazdagon illusztrált kötet túlzás nélkül hézagpótlónak minősíthető. A további tájékozódást a függelék segíti, amelyben az ókori forrásokból ismert késő vaskori népek, illetőleg kelta törzsek listája, a legfontosabb régészeti lelőhelyek repertóriuma és a késő vaskorra vonatkozó részletes bibliográfia található.

First Volume

Szerző: Péter Kovács

Martin Opitz Kiadó, 2005